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Residual Stress & Retained Austenite

Stress Tensor & Strain

At any point inside a material, it is possible to have three stresses acting normal to each face (x,y,z) and also shear stresses acting across a face in two directions.

Stress (σ) at one location in an object = 9 values (3 normal and 6 shear).

Note: σ12= σ21,  σ31 = σ13,  σ32 = σ23 for static materials.
The subscripts indicate the direction of the force (first number) and the face it acts on (second number).

Stress-Strain Relationship

Strain is a measure of how much a material has stretched or deformed. Strain is often easier to measure than stress.

To find out more view Part 1 of our Video Series on Residual Stress